![]() ![]() In the “apple2_roms” folder, “apple_iie_rom.zip” and “apple_iic_rom.zip” need to be unzipped to produce APPLE2E.ROM and APPLE2C.ROM. The good news is that this is free of charge.ĭownload and unzip “apple2_roms.zip”. You need to download it from an authorized site. On the virtual Apple II created by an emulator, the ROM is a piece of software which (for commercial reasons) cannot be supplied along with the emulator. In Apple II computers, the core system was stored in a solid device (Read-Only Memory) which made it almost impossible to clone these machines. Other emulators listed above are free of charge. In this article we describe it for VIRTUALII with a “limited license” (costing less than 20 USD). The setup of any Apple II emulator is roughly the same procedure. Given that all these emulators proved satisfactory, we assume that any emulator creating an Apple IIe or Apple IIc virtual machine will do the job. So far we have run BP1 on the following emulators: We are currently developing a new version compliant with MacOS, Linux, and Windows with both 32-bit and 64-bit Intel processors. ➡ For those unfamiliar with the project, Bol Processor (BP2) also exists as a Mac application for system versions up to MacOS 10.14 (Mojave) - read the home page of this site. The next one explains the full usage of this program in its original musical context. This first article is about installing an emulator and editing grammars/data in BP1. The source code could even be recompiled to run under better conditions, notably exploiting memory space beyond the original 64 kilobytes – indeed, kilobytes! Currently, even setting the RAM of the virtual machine at 1Mb does not increase the memory space for BP1. This means that BP1 can be run on any Apple II emulator running on MacOS, Linux, and Windows machines. After more than 37 years these diskettes were easily copied and transferred to a hard disk in the DSK format with the kind support of Philippe M., a collector of old computers and software in Marseille. Recently we discovered with delight that BP1’s program, source code, compiler and data floppy disks used for this project had been safely stored. We planned to create a bicycle but in the end it turned out to be a spaceship! Moreover, in a way it was very fortunate because it prompted us to design a tool which for 40 years has gone way beyond the objective of a customized keyboard. It appeared that keyboard mapping was not possible in 1981 using the then Apple Writer II word processor. This approach has been described in Kippen and Bel’s Modelling music with grammars: formal language representation in the Bol Processor (1992). Furthermore, the repetitive nature of musical structures led to the implementation of pattern grammars. ![]() Thus, Bol Processor became an expert system able to model the production ( modus ponens) of strings of symbols as well as the analysis ( modus tollens) of variations created by musicians to assess their compliance with the formal grammar. This construction ( qaida in Urdu) was based on implicit rules that could be rendered explicit using formal grammars. We soon discovered that modelling the theme-and-variations construction involved more than replacing variables with chunks of bols. The next stage of development was triggered by the need for a “search and replace” feature in the Bol Processor. ![]() This also eliminated the misspelling of symbols and rendered a formal analysis feasible. With this device, it became possible to type variations of tabla compositions near the speed they were played or recited. For instance, ‘dha’ would be assigned to the ‘Q’ key instead of typing ‘d’, ‘h’, ‘a’. The solution lay in the customization of the computer’s keyboard, assigning a single key to every bol.īols are onomatopoeic representations of strokes on the drum, or the gestures and movements of Kathak dancers. The name ‘Bol processor’ is analogous to ‘word processor.’ Its development was prompted by the need to type rapidly and accurately transcriptions of North Indian tabla drum’s sets of variations, typically expressed in semi-onomatopoeic syllables: bols. ‘BP1’ is the earliest version of Bol Processor implemented in 1981 on Apple II computers… This development was associated with Jim Kippen’s fieldwork in India - read At the heart of Indian rhythms and their evolution. ![]()
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